2014 IDSA Skin & Soft Tissue Infections

"Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"  

http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/06/14/cid.ciu296.full

JACC - Neprilysin for Predicting CV Death and HF

"Soluble Neprilysin Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Death and Heart Failure Hospitalization in Heart Failure Patients"

"Conclusions  Identification of circulating neprilysin in HF patients and the positive association of neprilysin with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity further support the importance of NEP inhibition for augmenting natriuretic peptides as a therapeutic target."

http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleID=2119404 

BMJ - Alcohol & Mortality

"All cause mortality and the case for age specific alcohol consumption guidelines: pooled analyses of up to 10 population based cohorts"

"Conclusions Beneficial associations between low intensity alcohol consumption and all cause mortality may in part be attributable to inappropriate selection of a referent group and weak adjustment for confounders. Compared with never drinkers, age stratified analyses suggest that beneficial dose-response relations between alcohol consumption and all cause mortality may be largely specific to women drinkers aged 65 years or more, with little to no protection present in other age-sex groups. These protective associations may, however, be explained by the effect of selection biases across age-sex strata."

http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h384  

NEJM - ARDS

"Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome"

"CONCLUSIONS

We found that ΔP was the ventilation variable that best stratified risk. Decreases in ΔP owing to changes in ventilator settings were strongly associated with increased survival. (Funded by Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and others.)"

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1410639?query=featured_home

JAMA - Fondaparinux v LMWH in NSTEMI

"Association Between the Use of Fondaparinux vs Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction"

"Conclusions and Relevance  In routine clinical care of patients with NSTEMI, fondaparinux was associated with lower odds than LMWH of major bleeding events and death both in-hospital and up to 180 days afterward."


http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2110970

2012 IDSA Prosthetic Joint Infections

"Diagnosis and Management of Prosthetic Joint Infection: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/29/cid.cis803.abstract.html?papetoc

"Metabolic Syndrome From Adolescence to Early Adulthood Effect of Infancy-Onset Dietary Counseling of Low Saturated Fat: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP)"

"Conclusion—Repeated infancy-onset dietary intervention is effective in the prevention of MetS in adolescence."

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/131/7/605.abstract

Lancet - RAS Inhibitors to Prevent Diabetic Retinopathy

"Effects of RAS inhibitors on diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"

"Interpretation

In patients with diabetes, RAS inhibitors reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy, and increase the possibility of diabetic retinopathy regression. ACE inhibitors might be better than ARBs for treating diabetic retinopathy, and might exert the most beneficial effect on diabetic retinopathy of all widely used antihypertensive drug classes.  

Funding

None."

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(14)70256-6/fulltext  

NEJM - Magnesium for Stroke

"Prehospital Use of Magnesium Sulfate as Neuroprotection in Acute Stroke"  

"CONCLUSIONS   

Prehospital initiation of magnesium sulfate therapy was safe and allowed the start of therapy within 2 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms, but it did not improve disability outcomes at 90 days. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; FAST-MAG ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00059332.)"  

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1408827?query=featured_home   

JAMA IM - Research Misconduct

"Research Misconduct Identified by the US Food and Drug Administration   
Out of Sight, Out of Mind, Out of the Peer-Reviewed Literature"
"Conclusions and Relevance  When the FDA finds significant departures from good clinical practice, those findings are seldom reflected in the peer-reviewed literature, even when there is evidence of data fabrication or other forms of research misconduct."  
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2109855   

2015 ADA Diabetes Initial Evaluation

 "Initial Evaluation and Diabetes Management Planning"

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/Supplement_1/S17.full

CIRC - Congenital Heart Defect Surgery

"Achievements in Congenital Heart Defect Surgery A Prospective, 40-Year Study of 7038 Patients"

"Conclusions—Highly significant, sequential improvements in survival and reductions in reoperations after CHD surgery were seen. A future challenge is to find methods to reduce the need for reoperations and further reduce long-term mortality."  

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/131/4/337.abstract

BMJ - Weight Change and Fracture

"Postmenopausal weight change and incidence of fracture: post hoc findings from Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials"

"Conclusions Weight gain, weight loss, and intentional weight loss are associated with increased incidence of fracture, but associations differ by fracture location. Clinicians should be aware of fracture patterns after weight gain and weight loss."

http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h25  

NEJM - HTN Control in Pregnancy

"Less-Tight versus Tight Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy"

"CONCLUSIONS

We found no significant between-group differences in the risk of pregnancy loss, high-level neonatal care, or overall maternal complications, although less-tight control was associated with a significantly higher frequency of severe maternal hypertension. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; CHIPS Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN71416914; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01192412.)"  

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1404595?query=featured_home 

JAMA - Chlorhexidine Bathing to Prevent Infections

"Chlorhexidine Bathing and Health Care–Associated Infections"  

"Conclusion and Relevance  In this pragmatic trial, daily bathing with chlorhexidine did not reduce the incidence of health care–associated infections including CLABSIs, CAUTIs, VAP, or C difficile. These findings do not support daily bathing of critically ill patients with chlorhexidine."  

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091544

Weekly Guideline: 2015 ADA - Diabetes Diagnosis

"Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes"

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/Supplement_1/S8.full

JACC - HDL Particles & Carotid Disease

"Cholesterol-Overloaded HDL Particles Are Independently Associated With Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Cardiovascular Disease-Free Population"

"Conclusions  Our findings suggest that cholesterol-overloaded HDL particles are independently associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. This may explain why in recent trials raising HDL cholesterol was not beneficial. This study strongly suggests that the combination of cholesterol content and particle number determines the antiatherogenic function of HDLs, rather than either parameter alone."   

http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleID=2091734

Lancet - Oseltamivir for Influenza

"Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"

"Interpretation
Our findings show that oseltamivir in adults with influenza accelerates time to clinical symptom alleviation, reduces risk of lower respiratory tract complications, and admittance to hospital, but increases the occurrence of nausea and vomiting."

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)62449-1/abstract

NEJM - PCV

"Ruxolitinib versus Standard Therapy for the Treatment of Polycythemia Vera"

"CONCLUSIONS

In patients who had an inadequate response to or had unacceptable side effects from hydroxyurea, ruxolitinib was superior to standard therapy in controlling the hematocrit, reducing the spleen volume, and improving symptoms associated with polycythemia vera. (Funded by Incyte and others; RESPONSE ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT01243944.)"

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409002

JAMA - Stem Cell Transplantation for MS

"Association of Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Neurological Disability in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis"

"Conclusions and Relevance  Among patients with relapsing-remitting MS, nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with improvement in neurological disability and other clinical outcomes. These preliminary findings from this uncontrolled study require confirmation in randomized trials."

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091305